The Relationship Between Job Motivation And Employee Performance Dissertation Example
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between job motivation and employee performance in cross-cultural based project teams. The concepts under investigation were how the concept of motivation is linked to the industrial performance of project-based organizations with the intention of giving managers insights on how to create and sustain a motivating work environment for their project team members. It identifies the requirements of the project team members in keeping them motivated in their work hence attaining the highest industrial performance. This study is undertaken by conducting research to collect data as well as find answers to the research questions. This chapter, therefore, presents the conceptual research framework developed and deployed in completing this study. A questionnaire was designed as an instrument of collecting the required data on motivation and industrial performance of employees in cross-cultural project environments. Regression analysis was also used in studying the effect of job motivation on the industrial performance of project team members in project environments that are cross-cultural in nature in Hong Kong and China firms.
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In the actual study, this research took two approaches namely qualitative and quantitative. Most of the data used in this study was derived from interviews, observations, and discussions with employees – both managers and project team members – in a multi-cultural firm’s environment which is the qualitative approach adopted for this study. The quantitative approach arose from the researcher’s examination of existing relevant sources such as journal articles, periodicals, and books. The various factors that influence project team members job motivation in an industrial environment that are cross-cultural in nature were introduced in the paper so as to achieve a better understanding of the quantitative approach in the study. In the qualitative research approach, a questionnaire was used in providing valuable primary data such as indicators of employee job motivation and performance. Information from the primary sources of data was used to give a substantial empirical evidence of the relationship between employee job motivation and employee performance indicated by lower employee turnover in an organization and better company financial performance (Bailey, 2007, p. 102). Project environment’s employee performance is also indicated by the ability of the project team members to complete projects within the stipulated timelines, achieve the required quality standards and ensure that projects are completed within the budgets. The researcher at the end of the study offers a comparative analysis of the qualitative study derivations with the theory. A theory-based deductive approach is applied to the research problem alongside the empirical data measurement and appropriate data analysis. The inductive approach followed the detailed observations of abstract ideas to generalizations.
Secondary Data
This data was primarily obtained from existing sources such as company records, archive papers, books on Job motivation and employee performance, research materials as well as periodicals. These data sources were examined in detail so that the initial inferences could be made. Their importance lies in the fact that information can be easily compared and can be used to confirm if the primary research will clarify the missing aspects. Secondary sources of data are not very tedious to collect and review but require ample time as well as dependable sources.
Primary Data
This is the data collected by the researcher interacting with the people in the real world environment using questionnaire forms and interviews. This happens as if one is undertaking the research for the very first time. Primary data is normally inferred through statistical analysis and must, therefore, have a precise and clear structure. Its aim is to enhance the value of the study and ensure that there are precise and accurate findings. Primary data collection methods disadvantages lie in that it involves long periods of times and hence can sometimes be cumbersome. An interviewer interacts with the selected sample individuals from a population and the personal responses of the respondents are compared.
Conceptual framework
The primary and secondary data that is collected from the extensive literature review and primary data instrumentation is examined, organized, interpreted and categorized according to variables, dimensions as well as theoretical constructs. The main constructs that are identified for this study include intrinsic reward factors and extrinsic rewards contexts. The intrinsic and extrinsic reward factors affect the employee motivation and job satisfaction that can be measured by their reflection on the financial performance of the multicultural organizations. The controlling factors in this study include trust and cultural differences between employees in a multicultural project management.
Intrinsic reward factors
The intrinsic reward factors play an important role in employee motivation and satisfaction in a multicultural project setting. These factors include employee empowerment, employee responsibilities, coworker relations, and recognition. The criteria are that these factors give project team members the confidence and ability to work in a multicultural project environment. This study will examine how the intrinsic reward factors impact the motivation and job satisfaction of employees in a multicultural project environment for firms operating in the financial industry in China mainland and Hong Kong.
The extrinsic rewards factors
These are the factors that play a central role in organizational project team members’ motivation and satisfaction arising from the organizational contexts. These factors include reward, commission, job security and work condition that influence employee motivational levels and, therefore, their performance levels within multicultural project set up. These factors are best explained by Herzberg’s two-factor theory that he called Hygiene factors. Taking this perspective, this study will explore in detail the effects of organizational extrinsic reward factors and how they influence employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction.
Proposed Conceptual Framework
Drawing more heavily from Herzberg’s two-factor theory, as well as other studies that have been carried out on various factors that affect the employee motivation, a conceptual model is formulated based on project management motivation and job satisfaction. This will offer the theoretical base that can be used to explain how motivation and jobs satisfaction can be attained within a multicultural project team environment. This conceptual research framework is as shown in the figure below.
This study will examine the relationship between motivation and rewards of employees working in a multicultural project environment for financial firms operating in China Mainland and Hong Kong. In this study, motivation was taken as the dependent variable while extrinsic and intrinsic variables are regarded as the independent variables. As such the conceptual framework from the literature review hypothesized that: That there is a positive relation between motivation, job satisfaction, and extrinsic rewards
Methods of data Collection and Instrumentation
The questionnaire in this study is the basic tool used to investigate the link between employee performance and job motivation in a cross-cultural project environment. The questionnaire was developed and circulated to the respondents in the sample population. The selected respondents were supposed to answer the questions according to their interpretation and the give their opinions on the questions. According to Berg (2004, p. 5), a questionnaire is a self-administered, self-contained instrument used in asking questions. It is either structured or unstructured with the structured questionnaires having multiple choices and a scale. Unstructured questionnaires have open-ended questions in nature, and the answers depend on the respondents’ understanding, opinions and in their words (Malhotra, 2008, p. 23). This technique is flexible thus makes the questionnaire a popular and common instrument in collecting primary data. In addition to the questionnaire, it was followed by interviews to understand the subject matter even further. Questionnaires are easy to administer and had the advantages of offering better score over other kinds of survey methods, are cheaper to construct and use and do not depend on the researcher’s presence when filling them. Despite the many advantages associated with the use of questionnaires in primary data collection, they are also linked to several disadvantages such as that the questionnaire structure and format may annoy the respondent. Also, some respondents may not easily read and interpret the questions easily hence their responses were found to be vague and hence unusable in the study.
When the questionnaire was distributed to the randomly selected respondents, the researcher assured them of their confidentiality as well as anonymity when completing the survey. The questionnaire was structured according to the relevant literature that was reviewed. It was created with the intention of testing the hypothesis of the study. The questions were both closed, and open-ended in nature, often considering the size of the organizations including the number of project members and the financial performance of organizations under review. The independent variable in the questionnaire was job motivation while the dependent variable in the study was project team performance. The case under the study is the employees working on projects in cross-cultural, financial firms in China and Hong Kong.
Population, Sample, and Sampling Techniques
The population for this study is all the financial firms that operate in China and Hong Kong and utilizes Project teams in their operations. The financial firms have no limit on the number of employees it hires but must have both male and female employees from different cultures operating in each project. The employees interviewed included the organizational financial managers, project managers and heads of operations. The sample used for this study included 12 organizations with a total employee range of 2,000-3,000 both in China and Hong Kong. The sample was randomly selected using convenient sampling techniques to select the respondents who were interviewed and those who filled the questionnaire.
Procedure
The Potential respondents identified in the study were selected by the researchers and contacted. The criterion was that the participants must have been working in a cross –cultural project based organization. After contacting the participants, a comprehensive explanation as to the research purpose, nature, and its outcomes were given to them. They were then asked for their permission and informed of their rights in the study. The questionnaire was administered when the participants agreed to take part in the study upon which they were interviewed. Data analysis later followed when primary data was collected to identify the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
Data analysis
Researchers ought to settle on a specific mechanism of investigation prior to reviewing information in questionnaire contexts. The main relevant activity flow used in data analysis and which were used in this study included;
Authentication: This follows models, casual flows, consistencies, suggestions and explanations to authenticate data. Data that has been authenticated is implied via the use of pie charts, tables, and diagrams in enhancing comprehensive content, as such presentation is often concise.
Tools used in the Study
This study uses the SPSS statistical software and other numerical tools and instruments. Such tools include percentages, index numbers, and rations in addition to coefficients of variations, correlation, growth rate and standard deviation for detailed financial information in project-based organizations. The T-test is used in comprehending the connection between the variables in the study.
Research accuracy
A methodological approach was applied within all stages of this research to offer accurate results. The research appreciated the need to include trade-offs between validity, generalizability, reliability and relevance. Relevance in data collection was achieved through researcher’s usefulness on the consumers. Validity in this study was achieved through correct assessment of collected data. Reliability, on the other hand, was achieved by the researcher’s ability to replicate derived results using the same techniques thus offering results that can be replicated in other studies. Generalizability is identified as the researcher’s ability to make predictions accurately from the selected sample of the whole population (Antonius, 2003, p. 23)
Research Ethics
The social aspects and arrangements in the study strictly followed ethical notions since this study had human beings who interacted with the researcher. The ethical concepts were the determinants of the standards followed to ensure that the study was carried out in a professional and human way. Ethics guide a researcher in undertaking research with fairness and integrity, especially when interacting with human subject participants. Also, technical competence in the study was considered as part of the researcher‘s ethical obligation so as to ensure fairness in the research, researcher credibility and integrity (Bryman, 2015, p. 403). The ethical notions followed in this study included:
